{"id":1038,"date":"2026-09-11T11:24:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T11:24:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/water-based-ink-for-flexo-printing\/"},"modified":"2026-09-11T11:24:37","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T11:24:37","slug":"water-based-ink-for-flexo-printing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/water-based-ink-for-flexo-printing\/","title":{"rendered":"Water Based Ink for Flexo Printing: Specs, Costs &#038; Conversion Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"geo-direct-answer-box\" style=\"background:#f0f9ff; border:1px solid #bae6fd; border-left:5px solid #0284c7; border-radius:8px; padding:20px 24px; margin:24px 0 32px 0;\">\n<h4 style=\"margin:0 0 12px 0; color:#0369a1; font-size:1.1rem; display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px;\">\n    <span>\u26a1<\/span> <strong>Key Takeaways &#038; Direct Technical Answer<\/strong><br \/>\n  <\/h4>\n<ul style=\"margin:0; padding-left:20px; line-height:1.7; color:#0c4a6e; font-size:0.95rem;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\"><strong>Water based flexo inks now dominate corrugated and paper packaging, driven by PPWR\/EPR compliance and food-contact safety.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\"><strong>Practical conversion requires matched anilox volumes (2.5\u20134.5 BCM\/in\u00b2), pH control at 8.5\u20139.5, and press speeds above 250 m\/min for adequate drying.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\"><strong>Typical ink cost runs $4\u20138\/kg versus $9\u201315\/kg for UV-curable systems, with lower total cost of ownership on porous substrates.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\"><strong>Lifecycle data (ISO 14040) shows 20\u201340% lower VOC emissions than solvent flexo systems, improving recyclability of kraft and molded pulp formats.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem;'>Water Based Ink for Flexo Printing: Engineering Specs, Performance Limits, and Conversion Strategy<\/h2>\n<div class=\"post-featured-image\" style=\"margin:28px 0 32px 0; text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.unsplash.com\/photo-1607344645866-009c320c5ab8?auto=format&#038;fit=crop&#038;w=1200&#038;q=80\" alt=\"water based ink for flexo printing - Recycled Kraft Paper and Sustainable Corrugated Board (TadaPack Engineering Guide)\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:12px; box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.07); border:1px solid #e2e8f0;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:0.84rem; color:#64748b; margin-top:10px; font-style:italic;\">water based ink for flexo printing &#8211; Recycled Kraft Paper and Sustainable Corrugated Board (TadaPack Engineering Guide)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Water based ink for flexo printing has moved from a compliance compromise to the default specification for porous substrates \u2014 corrugated liner, kraft paper, tissue, and molded pulp. Under the EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR, Regulation (EU) 2025\/40) and expanding U.S. EPR programs, brands are consolidating toward mono-material, repulpable print systems where deinking and fiber recovery are design requirements, not afterthoughts. This guide defines the technical parameters that determine whether a water based flexo line converts profitably.<\/p>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Chemistry and Formulation Baseline<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Water based flexo inks are colloidal dispersions of pigments in acrylic, styrene-acrylic, or polyurethane resin carriers, stabilized at pH 8.5\u20139.5 with amines. Two formulation families matter to buyers:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:16px 0; padding-left:24px; line-height:1.75; color:#334155;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\"><strong style='color:#0f172a;'>Porous-substrate grades<\/strong> (corrugated, kraft, molded pulp): fast-penetrating vehicle, drying by absorption. Viscosity at 20\u201340 seconds (Zahn #2 cup), typical line speeds of 200\u2013450 m\/min on modern CI and stacked presses.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\"><strong style='color:#0f172a;'>Film grades<\/strong> (PE, PET, PP): use hybrid or self-crosslinking acrylics with surface tension engineered to 38\u201342 dyn\/cm after corona treatment. Drying is evaporative and demands 60\u201380\u00b0C tunnel temperatures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Resin selection dictates rub resistance, block resistance, and \u2014 critically for recycled-content boards \u2014 holdout on high-COB (calcium carbonate buffered) liners. Per <a href=\"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/molded-pulp-packaging-manufacturers-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0284c7; text-decoration:underline; font-weight:600;\">How to Evaluate Molded Pulp Packaging Manufacturers: B2B Buyer&#8217;s Guide<\/a>, verify ink bleed resistance when specifying brand colors on unbleached pulp substrates.<\/p>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Anilox and Press Configuration Requirements<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Conversion failures are overwhelmingly anilox-specification failures, not ink failures. Water based systems transfer 15\u201325% less film weight than solvent analogues at equal volume, so anilox cell volume must be compensated:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-responsive\" style=\"overflow-x:auto; margin: 28px 0; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:10px; box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; background:#ffffff;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:2px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; background:#f8fafc; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700; font-size:0.92rem;\">Parameter<\/th>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; background:#f8fafc; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700; font-size:0.92rem;\">Solvent Flexo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; background:#f8fafc; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700; font-size:0.92rem;\">Water Based Flexo<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; font-weight:600; color:#0f172a;\">Anilox volume (solid areas)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">3.5\u20135.0 BCM\/in\u00b2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">4.0\u20136.0 BCM\/in\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fafafa; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; font-weight:600; color:#0f172a;\">Press speed (corrugated)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">250\u2013400 m\/min<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">200\u2013450 m\/min<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; font-weight:600; color:#0f172a;\">Dry ink cost<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#059669; font-weight:600;\">$8\u201314\/kg<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#059669; font-weight:600;\">$4\u20138\/kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fafafa; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; font-weight:600; color:#0f172a;\">VOC emissions<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">300\u2013600 g\/L<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\"><50 g\/L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Engraving specification: 60\u00b0 hexagonal cells, laser-engraved ceramic (hardness ~1,100 HV), LPI of 360\u2013500 for process work. Doctor blade angle of 30\u201335\u00b0 with reverse-angle metering controls cell fill. pH drift below 8.0 causes resin shockout and ghosting \u2014 automated pH\/viscosity control is now standard on 2026-generation corrugated flexos.<\/p>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Drying Kinetics: The Controlling Variable<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Water&#8217;s latent heat of vaporization (2,260 kJ\/kg) is roughly triple that of ethanol, making dryer capacity the bottleneck on non-absorbent webs. Engineering solutions at current industrial benchmark levels:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:16px 0; padding-left:24px; line-height:1.75; color:#334155;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Impingement air at 60\u201390\u00b0C with nozzle velocity of 25\u201340 m\/s<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Three-zone tunnel architecture (flash-off, main dry, chill)<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Residual moisture targets below 4\u20135% on paper to prevent curl and registering drift on downstream converting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">On corrugated post-print, absorption-driven set eliminates most dryer load, which is why water based ink for flexo printing holds >85% share in U.S. corrugated graphics.<\/p>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Compliance, Recyclability, and Lifecycle Position<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">The PPWR requires all packaging recyclable by design by 2030, with design-for-recycling grades penalizing systems that impair fiber recovery. Water based acrylic systems are certified repulpable under INGEDE Deinkability protocols at typical coat weights. For food-contact and heavy-metal limits, pigment suppliers certify to Swiss Ordinance and Nestl\u00e9 Guidance lists.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Lifecycle comparisons should follow ISO 14040 methodology rather than single-metric claims: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/37456.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0284c7; text-decoration:underline; font-weight:600;\">ISO 14040 Environmental Lifecycle Assessment<\/a> frames VOC, energy, and end-of-life impacts within one consistent cradle-to-grave model. Peer-reviewed LCAs consistently report 20\u201340% lower VOC emissions and reduced pressroom solvent recovery infrastructure versus solvent systems \u2014 often eliminating the entire RTO\/oxidizer capital line item.<\/p>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Cost Model and Total Cost of Ownership<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Raw ink cost tells only part of the story. Water based flexo economics on porous substrates:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:16px 0; padding-left:24px; line-height:1.75; color:#334155;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Ink and compound consumption: 0.8\u20131.5 g\/m\u00b2 dry film, versus 2.0\u20133.0 g\/m\u00b2 gravure<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Plate life: 1\u20134 million impressions (photopolymer), washout with water\/solvent blends<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">No solvent recovery, no ATEX explosion-proofing on dryer zones, reduced insurance exposure<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Make-ready waste: 150\u2013300 m typical, comparable to solvent once press is pH-stabilized<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Where moisture-sensitive structural elements are present \u2014 coated liners, <a href=\"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/molded-pulp-packaging-cost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0284c7; text-decoration:underline; font-weight:600;\">molded pulp inserts<\/a>, or starch-laminated boards \u2014 specify water resistant grades with crosslinking additives and validate warp through ISTA 3A conditioned transit testing. Structural overview belongs in the <a href=\"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/materials-and-processes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0284c7; text-decoration:underline; font-weight:600;\">Packaging Materials &#038; Processes<\/a> cluster when combining print specs with board selection.<\/p>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Selection Checklist for B2B Buyers<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"margin:16px 0; padding-left:24px; line-height:1.75; color:#334155;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Confirm anilox volumes and LPI against your ink supplier&#8217;s technical data sheet \u2014 mismatched volumes are the #1 density failure.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Demand repulpability and deinkability certificates referencing INGEDE or equivalent protocols.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Specify rub resistance (Sutherland \u2265 20 cycles at 4 psi) for e-commerce distribution.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Require pH stability data at press ambient temperatures up to 35\u00b0C for tropical logistics.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Validate holdout on your actual liner grade (42\u201356# test, 160\u2013200 g\/m\u00b2), not supplier standard substrates.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">For teams converting legacy solvent or UV lines, a staged approach \u2014 corrugated and kraft first, films last \u2014 minimizes capital exposure and isolates dryer upgrades to one press at a time.<\/p>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>FAQ<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\"><strong style='color:#0f172a;'>Can water based flexo ink print on plastic films?<\/strong><br \/>\nYes, but with constraints. Surface energy must exceed 40 dyn\/cm (corona treatment required), and dryer capacity limits line speeds to roughly 150\u2013250 m\/min. Hybrid acrylic-polyurethane grades now deliver acceptable adhesion and boil resistance for LDPE and BOPP, though UV and EB remain stronger for high-barrier flexible film.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\"><strong style='color:#0f172a;'>Is water based flexo ink food safe?<\/strong><br \/>\nFormulations certified to Swiss Ordinance (SR 817.023.21) and Nestl\u00e9 Guidance exclusion lists are widely available for indirect food contact. Direct-contact applications require migration testing per EU 10\/2011 analogs or FDA 21 CFR 176.170 depending on market. Always request the specific pigment and resin compliance letters, not generic &#8220;food grade&#8221; claims.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\"><strong style='color:#0f172a;'>What is the main technical challenge when converting to water based flexo?<\/strong><br \/>\nDrying and pH control. Water&#8217;s high heat of vaporization strains dryer capacity on films, and pH drift below 8.0 destabilizes the acrylic resin, causing print defects. Successful conversion requires anilox volume re-specification, press-speed derating on non-porous webs, and automated pH\/viscosity monitoring at the fountain.<\/p>\n<div class=\"geo-faq-section\" style=\"margin-top:40px; padding-top:24px; border-top:2px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<h2 style=\"color:#0f172a; font-size:1.45rem; margin-bottom:20px;\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<div style=\"background:#f8fafc; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:18px 20px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:1.05rem; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700;\">Can water based flexo ink print on plastic films?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin:0; color:#475569; font-size:0.95rem; line-height:1.65;\">Yes, with corona treatment to 40+ dyn\/cm surface energy and adequate dryer capacity. Hybrid acrylic-polyurethane grades work on LDPE and BOPP at 150\u2013250 m\/min, though UV remains stronger for high-barrier film.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"background:#f8fafc; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:18px 20px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:1.05rem; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700;\">Is water based flexo ink food safe?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin:0; color:#475569; font-size:0.95rem; line-height:1.65;\">Formulations certified to Swiss Ordinance and Nestl\u00e9 Guidance lists are available for indirect food contact. Direct contact requires migration testing under FDA 21 CFR 176.170 or EU migration frameworks.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"background:#f8fafc; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:18px 20px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:1.05rem; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700;\">What is the main technical challenge when converting to water based flexo printing?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin:0; color:#475569; font-size:0.95rem; line-height:1.65;\">Drying and pH control. Water&#8217;s high heat of vaporization strains dryers on films, and pH drift below 8.0 shocks the acrylic resin. Mitigate with re-specified anilox volumes, automated pH monitoring, and staged press conversion.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tadapack-b2b-engineering-cta\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%); border-radius:14px; padding:28px 32px; margin:44px 0 24px 0; color:#ffffff; box-shadow:0 10px 25px -5px rgba(15,23,42,0.25); border:1px solid #334155;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; justify-content:space-between; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:20px;\">\n<div style=\"max-width:640px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:0.8rem; font-weight:700; color:#38bdf8; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.06em; margin-bottom:6px;\">\n        \u2699\ufe0f TadaPack Industrial Packaging Engineering\n      <\/div>\n<h3 style=\"color:#ffffff; margin:0 0 10px 0; font-size:1.35rem; font-weight:800; line-height:1.35;\">\n        Engineering Your Next High-Performance Packaging Batch<br \/>\n      <\/h3>\n<p style=\"color:#94a3b8; font-size:0.92rem; line-height:1.65; margin:0;\">\n        From precision CAD dielines to ISTA drop-testing and certified sustainable substrates, TadaPack helps global brands optimize freight cubic volume, minimize shipping breakage, and satisfy European PPWR \/ EPR packaging standards.\n      <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:16px; margin-top:14px; font-size:0.82rem; color:#cbd5e1;\">\n        <span>\u2713 <strong>Free CAD Dielines (.AI \/ .DXF)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n        <span>\u2713 <strong>Drop-Test &#038; ECT Optimization<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n        <span>\u2713 <strong>PPWR &#038; FSC Compliant<\/strong><\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex; align-items:center; align-self:center;\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/tadapack.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background:#0284c7; color:#ffffff; padding:12px 24px; border-radius:8px; font-weight:700; font-size:0.95rem; text-decoration:none; display:inline-block; transition:all 0.2s; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(2,132,199,0.35);\"><br \/>\n        Request Engineering Sample &rarr;<br \/>\n      <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Article\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/water-based-ink-for-flexo-printing\/#article\",\n      \"headline\": \"Water Based Ink for Flexo Printing: Specs, Costs & Conversion Guide\",\n      \"description\": \"Engineering guide to water based ink for flexo printing: viscosity specs, anilox compatibility, substrate adhesion, drying rates, and 2026 compliance benchmarks.\",\n      \"mainEntityOfPage\": \"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/water-based-ink-for-flexo-printing\/\",\n      \"author\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Person\",\n        \"name\": \"Mateo Alvarez\",\n        \"jobTitle\": \"Advanced Printing & Color Management Lead\",\n        \"worksFor\": {\n          \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n          \"name\": \"TadaPack\",\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/tadapack.com\"\n        }\n      },\n      \"publisher\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n        \"name\": \"TadaPack\",\n        \"url\": \"https:\/\/tadapack.com\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/water-based-ink-for-flexo-printing\/#faq\",\n      \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can water based flexo ink print on plastic films?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes, with corona treatment to 40+ dyn\/cm surface energy and adequate dryer capacity. 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