{"id":1227,"date":"2026-09-12T16:30:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-12T16:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/auto-lock-bottom-carton-engineering-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-09-12T16:30:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T16:30:34","slug":"auto-lock-bottom-carton-engineering-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/auto-lock-bottom-carton-engineering-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Auto Lock Bottom Carton: Engineering Specs &#038; Cost Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"geo-direct-answer-box\" style=\"background:#f0f9ff; border:1px solid #bae6fd; border-left:5px solid #0284c7; border-radius:8px; padding:20px 24px; margin:24px 0 32px 0;\">\n<h4 style=\"margin:0 0 12px 0; color:#0369a1; font-size:1.1rem; display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px;\">\n    <span>\u26a1<\/span> <strong>Key Takeaways &#038; Direct Technical Answer<\/strong><br \/>\n  <\/h4>\n<ul style=\"margin:0; padding-left:20px; line-height:1.7; color:#0c4a6e; font-size:0.95rem;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\"><strong>Auto lock bottom cartons collapse flat but self-form on squeeze, cutting labor up to 40% versus manual glue-bottom formats.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\"><strong>Optimal for 0.5\u20138 kg SKUs; bottom panel load capacity depends on board grade (typically 32\u201344 ECT corrugated or 350\u2013450 GSM folding boxboard).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\"><strong>E-commerce shippers should validate with ASTM D4169 transit testing before scale orders.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\"><strong>Mono-material auto lock designs simplify PPWR\/EPR compliance and recyclability claims in 2026.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem;'>Auto Lock Bottom Carton: Engineering Specs &#038; Cost Guide<\/h2>\n<div class=\"post-featured-image\" style=\"margin:28px 0 32px 0; text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.unsplash.com\/photo-1566576912321-d58ddd7a6088?auto=format&#038;fit=crop&#038;w=1200&#038;q=80\" alt=\"auto lock bottom carton - Custom Printed Shipping Boxes and Retail Cartons (TadaPack Engineering Guide)\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:12px; box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.07); border:1px solid #e2e8f0;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:0.84rem; color:#64748b; margin-top:10px; font-style:italic;\">auto lock bottom carton &#8211; Custom Printed Shipping Boxes and Retail Cartons (TadaPack Engineering Guide)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">The auto lock bottom carton\u2014also called a snap-lock or 1-2-3 bottom\u2014is the workhorse format for e-commerce and retail-ready packaging that must ship flat, form fast, and hold weight without hot-melt glue. For DTC brands and Amazon FBA sellers, it hits the sweet spot between the labor cost of a manual lock bottom and the tooling cost of a full-glue crash-lock. This guide breaks down the structural mechanics, board selection, and 2026 compliance requirements procurement teams need before committing to a production run.<\/p>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Structural Mechanics: How the Snap-Lock Works<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">An auto lock bottom uses four interlocking bottom panels\u2014two dust flaps, a front tuck panel, and a rear panel with a pre-glued crash-lock base. The base is glued and cured flat; the carton dies and glues into a folded blank. When the user squeezes the sidewalls, the bottom snaps open into a square load-bearing platform in under two seconds\u2014no taping, no folding sequence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Key dimensional constraints:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:16px 0; padding-left:24px; line-height:1.75; color:#334155;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\"><strong style='color:#0f172a;'>Blank flatness:<\/strong> Max 3\u20135 mm variance across the crease matrix to ensure reliable snap-open action.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\"><strong style='color:#0f172a;'>Bottom span:<\/strong> Practical width range 50\u2013400 mm. Beyond 400 mm, cantilever stress on the glue flap rises and you should specify a reinforced double-base or move to RSC.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\"><strong style='color:#0f172a;'>Glue flap coverage:<\/strong> Minimum 12\u201315 mm solvent-based or hot-melt lap for corrugated; 8\u201310 mm for solid folding boxboard.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Compare this against slotted and full-overlap formats in our <a href=\"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/custom-packaging\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0284c7; text-decoration:underline; font-weight:600;\">Custom E-Commerce &#038; Retail Packaging<\/a> hub for format-level cost trade-offs.<\/p>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Board Selection: ECT, Mullen, and GSM Benchmarks<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Board choice drives bottom-panel compression strength. For corrugated auto lock cartons under 8 kg gross weight, 32 ECT C-flute (approximately 4 mm flute height) is the 2026 entry standard. SKUs over 5 kg or palletized multi-packs should step up to 44 ECT or specify B-flute (3 mm) for better print surface and die-cut precision on small panels.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">For premium retail shelf applications\u2014cosmetics, supplements, specialty food\u2014folding boxboard in the 350\u2013450 GSM range delivers a crutch-free snap-lock with superior litho lamination surfaces. This is the same structural logic applied in fragile-goods formats like our <a href=\"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/custom-printed-egg-boxes-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0284c7; text-decoration:underline; font-weight:600;\">Custom Printed Egg Boxes: Structural &#038; Branding Guide<\/a>, where cell geometry and board stiffness must align.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-responsive\" style=\"overflow-x:auto; margin: 28px 0; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:10px; box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; background:#ffffff;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:2px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; background:#f8fafc; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700; font-size:0.92rem;\">Application<\/th>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; background:#f8fafc; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700; font-size:0.92rem;\">Board Spec<\/th>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; background:#f8fafc; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700; font-size:0.92rem;\">Typical Load<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; font-weight:600; color:#0f172a;\">Retail shelf carton<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">350\u2013450 GSM boxboard<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">0.5\u20132 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#fafafa; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; font-weight:600; color:#0f172a;\">Standard e-commerce<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">32 ECT C-flute<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">2\u20135 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; font-weight:600; color:#0f172a;\">Heavy multi-pack<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">44 ECT BC-flute<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:12px 16px; color:#334155; font-size:0.9rem;\">5\u201312 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Transit Validation and Drop Performance<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Auto lock bottoms concentrate stress at the glued crash-lock hinge. Any SKU shipping parcel-network must be validated against dynamic loads. We require clients to run ISTA 3A or the broader <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/d4169-22.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0284c7; text-decoration:underline; font-weight:600;\">ASTM D4169 Transit Testing Standards<\/a>, which define vibration, drop shock, and compression schedules matched to your chosen distribution cycle (DC-to-store, direct parcel, or LTL). A properly glued 32 ECT auto lock carton should survive 10 drops from 760 mm per ASTM D4169 Schedule B without bottom-panel separation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Failure points to audit on first articles:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:16px 0; padding-left:24px; line-height:1.75; color:#334155;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Glue starvation at the crash-lock lap (undersized glue dots or cold adhesive).<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Crease cracking on high-GSM boxboard below 40% relative humidity.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Bottom bulge under stacked pallet loads\u2014verify with ECT-based stacking calculations, not just drop tests.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Cost Optimization and Compliance in 2026<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Auto lock blanks reduce warehouse footprint by 60\u201370% versus glued-and-erected cartons, and snap-open assembly cuts packing labor roughly 30\u201340% versus tape-and-fold RSCs. Typical China-origin 32 ECT printed auto lock pricing for 5,000-unit runs lands at $0.28\u2013$0.55 per unit; boxboard retail cartons at 10,000 units run $0.12\u2013$0.30.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">On compliance, the EU <a href=\"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/custom-packaging\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0284c7; text-decoration:underline; font-weight:600;\">Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR)<\/a> landscape tightening through 2026\u20132028 favors mono-material auto lock designs: corrugated with water-based adhesives and FSC-certified fiber qualifies for recyclability grading A\/B. Avoid mixed-material laminate crash-lock bases if you sell into EU markets\u2014recovery fees under EPR schemes scale with non-recyclable weight.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">Sellers on marketplaces should also note dimension-tier thresholds; our <a href=\"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/custom-cardboard-box-etsy-engineering-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0284c7; text-decoration:underline; font-weight:600;\">Custom Cardboard Box Etsy: Seller&#8217;s Engineering &#038; Sourcing Guide<\/a> details how right-sizing an auto lock carton to the dimensional-weight curve routinely saves 12\u201318% on parcel cost alone.<\/p>\n<h2 style='color:#0f172a; margin-top:36px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:1.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom:8px;'>Specification Checklist Before You Order<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"margin:16px 0; padding-left:24px; line-height:1.75; color:#334155;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Confirm internal dimensions against product plus insert system (with \u00b11 mm tolerance).<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Specify ECT or GSM, flute profile, and liner type (kraft vs. white-top).<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Require first-article glue-lap pull tests at 20\u00b0C and 40% RH.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Demand ISTA 3A or ASTM D4169 test reports before the pilot production release.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Verify FSC chain-of-custody documentation for retail packaging claims.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin:16px 0; line-height:1.8; color:#334155; font-size:1.02rem;\">An auto lock bottom carton is not a commodity decision\u2014it is a structural, cost, and compliance decision. Get the board spec and glue engineering right at the dieline stage, and the format pays for itself in labor savings within the first shipping cycle.<\/p>\n<div class=\"geo-faq-section\" style=\"margin-top:40px; padding-top:24px; border-top:2px solid #e2e8f0;\">\n<h2 style=\"color:#0f172a; font-size:1.45rem; margin-bottom:20px;\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<div style=\"background:#f8fafc; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:18px 20px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:1.05rem; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700;\">What is the maximum weight an auto lock bottom carton can hold?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin:0; color:#475569; font-size:0.95rem; line-height:1.65;\">A standard 32 ECT C-flute auto lock bottom reliably holds 2\u20135 kg gross. Stepping up to 44 ECT or BC-flute construction extends capacity to 8\u201312 kg; beyond that, specify a reinforced double-base or switch to an RSC shipper.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"background:#f8fafc; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:18px 20px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:1.05rem; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700;\">Is an auto lock bottom better than a tuck-end box for e-commerce?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin:0; color:#475569; font-size:0.95rem; line-height:1.65;\">Yes for parcel shipping. Auto lock bottoms carry 3\u20135\u00d7 the bottom load of reverse tuck ends, ship flat to save 60\u201370% storage, and assemble in under two seconds, cutting packing labor by roughly 30\u201340% versus taped formats.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"background:#f8fafc; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:18px 20px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:1.05rem; color:#0f172a; font-weight:700;\">Do auto lock bottom cartons meet EU PPWR recyclability rules?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin:0; color:#475569; font-size:0.95rem; line-height:1.65;\">Mono-material corrugated or boxboard auto lock cartons with water-based adhesives and FSC-certified fiber typically grade A or B for recyclability under PPWR. Avoid plastic-laminated bases and mixed-material inserts to keep EPR fees low.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tadapack-b2b-engineering-cta\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%); border-radius:14px; padding:28px 32px; margin:44px 0 24px 0; color:#ffffff; box-shadow:0 10px 25px -5px rgba(15,23,42,0.25); border:1px solid #334155;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; justify-content:space-between; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:20px;\">\n<div style=\"max-width:640px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:0.8rem; font-weight:700; color:#38bdf8; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.06em; margin-bottom:6px;\">\n        \u2699\ufe0f TadaPack Industrial Packaging Engineering\n      <\/div>\n<h3 style=\"color:#ffffff; margin:0 0 10px 0; font-size:1.35rem; font-weight:800; line-height:1.35;\">\n        Engineering Your Next High-Performance Packaging Batch<br \/>\n      <\/h3>\n<p style=\"color:#94a3b8; font-size:0.92rem; line-height:1.65; margin:0;\">\n        From precision CAD dielines to ISTA drop-testing and certified sustainable substrates, TadaPack helps global brands optimize freight cubic volume, minimize shipping breakage, and satisfy European PPWR \/ EPR packaging standards.\n      <\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:16px; margin-top:14px; font-size:0.82rem; color:#cbd5e1;\">\n        <span>\u2713 <strong>Free CAD Dielines (.AI \/ .DXF)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n        <span>\u2713 <strong>Drop-Test &#038; ECT Optimization<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n        <span>\u2713 <strong>PPWR &#038; FSC Compliant<\/strong><\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex; align-items:center; align-self:center;\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/tadapack.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background:#0284c7; color:#ffffff; padding:12px 24px; border-radius:8px; font-weight:700; font-size:0.95rem; text-decoration:none; display:inline-block; transition:all 0.2s; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(2,132,199,0.35);\"><br \/>\n        Request Engineering Sample &rarr;<br \/>\n      <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Article\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/auto-lock-bottom-carton-engineering-guide\/#article\",\n      \"headline\": \"Auto Lock Bottom Carton: Engineering Specs & Cost Guide\",\n      \"description\": \"Auto lock bottom carton engineering deep-dive: ECT specs, flute selection, snap-lock mechanics, load limits, and 2026 e-commerce packaging cost benchmarks.\",\n      \"mainEntityOfPage\": \"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/auto-lock-bottom-carton-engineering-guide\/\",\n      \"author\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Person\",\n        \"name\": \"Sophie Laurent\",\n        \"jobTitle\": \"Luxury Packaging & Finishes Director\",\n        \"worksFor\": {\n          \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n          \"name\": \"TadaPack\",\n          \"url\": \"https:\/\/tadapack.com\"\n        }\n      },\n      \"publisher\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n        \"name\": \"TadaPack\",\n        \"url\": \"https:\/\/tadapack.com\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/auto-lock-bottom-carton-engineering-guide\/#faq\",\n      \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the maximum weight an auto lock bottom carton can hold?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A standard 32 ECT C-flute auto lock bottom reliably holds 2\u20135 kg gross. Stepping up to 44 ECT or BC-flute construction extends capacity to 8\u201312 kg; beyond that, specify a reinforced double-base or switch to an RSC shipper.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is an auto lock bottom better than a tuck-end box for e-commerce?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes for parcel shipping. Auto lock bottoms carry 3\u20135\u00d7 the bottom load of reverse tuck ends, ship flat to save 60\u201370% storage, and assemble in under two seconds, cutting packing labor by roughly 30\u201340% versus taped formats.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Do auto lock bottom cartons meet EU PPWR recyclability rules?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Mono-material corrugated or boxboard auto lock cartons with water-based adhesives and FSC-certified fiber typically grade A or B for recyclability under PPWR. Avoid plastic-laminated bases and mixed-material inserts to keep EPR fees low.\"}}]\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Auto lock bottom carton engineering deep-dive: ECT specs, flute selection, snap-lock mechanics, load limits, and 2026 e-commerce packaging cost benchmarks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[406,411,413],"class_list":["post-1227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-custom-packaging","tag-corrugated-flutes","tag-ista-testing","tag-mono-material"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1227"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1227\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tadapack.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}